Glaucoma research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Glaucoma research - Essay Example 24 consecutive patients presenting, over seven years, to the emergency department of a tertiary eye hospital in Melbourne, Australia, to identify incident cases of DSCH following glaucoma surgery. Clinical parameters of interest included: indication for glaucoma surgery, clinical risk and prognostic factors, and clinical outcomes. Once cases were identified, controls were selected randomly and matched for type of surgery, age, sex, and interval of time since the initial surgery. Pearson’s chi-square analysis was used to compare cases and controls. Results: There were 24 cases, for a seven-year incidence of DSCH of 1% in patients after glaucoma surgery. The average duration of time from glaucoma surgery to DSCH was 2.88 days. DSCH was most common with glaucoma drainage implants (15.4% 7-year incidence). Significant risk factors included systemic hypertension (OR 5; 95 CI 1.41-17.7; p-value 0.02), diabetes mellitus (4.23; 1.08-16.6; 0.03), ischemic heart disease (5.92; 1.35-26.1; 0.008), chronic obstructive airways disease (8.33; 2.09-33.2; 0.01) and anticoagulant use (13.8; 1.51-125.8; 0.002). Preoperative intraocular pressure (p=0.56), myopia (3.22; 0.88-11.8; 0.09) and hyperlipidemia (1.9; 0.50-7.16; 0.29) were not significant risk factors for DSCH. Visual outcomes of DSCH patients were poorer than controls, with 17 of 24 cases (71%), but only 8 of 24 controls (33%) worse, relative to pre-operative VA, when reassessed at follow-up (p = 0.004). Conclusions: DSCH is a relatively common and potentially serious complication of glaucoma surgery. Patients with known clinical risk factors should be warned of risk of DSCH and should be handled with care. Surgery is the main stay of treatment for those cases of open angle glaucoma uncontrolled by medical treatment. The most widely practiced operation is a trabeculectomy. In recent years a number of alternative non-penetrating glaucoma drainage operations have been developed such as deep sclerectomy and

Florida's Multicultural Community And Political Processes In Cuba Research Proposal

Florida's Multicultural Community And Political Processes In Cuba - Research Proposal Example Authorities in Cuba emphasize the significance of developing appropriate political relationship and formulation of excellent foreign policies (Buffington 2012). This facilitates exemplary performance and international trade relations especially in the exchange of sugar that the nation produces in large quantities. Although Cuba had cordial political and foreign relations with the Soviet Union, the nation had antagonistic relations with the US. The distance and antagonistic relations were evident due to differences in political policies (Buffington 2012). The US was against the nation’s growing relations with the Soviet Union and the adoption of communism. The policies failed to promote democratic electoral process and tolerance for emerging opposition leaders. The unconventional policies prompted the US under the leadership of John F. Kennedy to impose trade sanctions against Cuba (Buffington 2012). The sanctions were meant to cut foreign engagement between the nations and ensure that the Cuban leaders adopt favorable economic policies that are sustainable. Authorities in Florida have adopted stringent measures to ensure that the intentions of the sanctions are attained. The authorities engaged in deliberations to compel Cuban officials to eradicate communist policies and encourage democratic political processes. The authority’s state that operations between the two regions will be further jeopardized if Cuba fails to adopt modern democratic practices (Clendinning 2008). The officials are categorical that Cuban immigrants will not be allowed in California. The unconventional democratic practices and the communist guidelines severely affected the nation’s economic advancement. The practices also halted the realization of cordial relations that are achievable through the adoption of friendly foreign policies.This paper evaluates the role of Florida's multi-cultural c ommunity in maintaining America's sanctions against Cuba.