The Integration Of The Mdgs Into The Indonesia s National...

3.2. The NLTDP, NMTDP and the MDGs As a reflection of Indonesia’s increased willingness to play a cooperative role in the international arena, the government is becoming increasingly aware of the importance of providing a systematic data to measure development progress. Although there are many instances where various international development programs are being incorporated into the national development plan, in this dissertation I present a case study on the integration of the MDGs into the Indonesia’s national development plan as a specific example where the Indonesian government takes a proactive role in integrating an international development agenda into its national development plan. 3.2.1. Why MDGs? Aside from the MDGs being the first comprehensively outlined global development goals that were agreed by UN member states, the fact that they provide specific indicators illustrate that the MDGs are able to provide the initial frameworks for developing countries to achieve development objectives deemed as important by setting specific goals and targeted indicators which statutory countries have pledged to fulfil by the end of 2015. The multi-dimensional nature of what consist of development as outlined in the MDGs will also enable us to incorporate a more holistic view of development, as opposed to the traditional interpretation of development that almost exclusively refers to economic progress. Furthermore, Indonesia was one of the 189 UN member state signees of theShow MoreRelatedIncreasing Number Of Infections Among Women1728 Words   |  7 Pageschildren. 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CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION Foreign capital has significant role for every national economy, regardless of its level of development. For the developed countries it is necessary to support sustainable development. For the developing countries, it is used to increase accumulation and rate of investments to create conditions for more intensive economic growth. For the transition countries1,Read MorePrimary Sector of Economy17717 Words   |  71 Pages| 4,130.689 | 5.9% | 100.0% | 1 |   China | 670.893 | 9.6% | 16.2% | 2 |   India | 333.652 | 18.1% | 8.1% | — |   European Union | 323.284 | 1.8% | 7.8% | 3 |   United States | 180.778 | 1.2% | 4.4% | 4 |   Brazil | 146.040 | 5.8% | 3.5% | 5 |   Indonesia | 124.316 | 14.9% | 3.0% | 6 |   Nigeria | 87.483 | 35.4% | 2.1% | 7 |   Japan | 81.975 | 1.4% | 2.0% | 8 |   Russia | 79.166 | 4.2% | 1.9% | 9 |   Turkey | 70.205 | 9.2% | 1.7% | 10 |   Australia | 60.296 | 4.0% | 1.5% | 11 |   Iran | 53.206 | 11

Women s Rights And Abolitionist Movement Essay - 985 Words

The Beginning of Women’s Rights Abolitionist Movement Women’s Rights Abolitionists Back in the nineteenth century men and women were not treated equally as they are now. Women did not have as much freedom as the men did and that caused a national movement. Not only were the women segregated from the men, but the discrimination against the African American race was a huge ordeal as well. With both movements combined, it led to a controversial development at that time. Not only were women fighting for equality, they were also fighting for the prejudice to end amongst the different races. The beginning of the Women’s Rights Movement and the Abolitionist Movement was not only a historic development, but it changed the world forever. First, let’s talk about what caused the women’s rights movement and how it not only paved the way for the abolitionist movement but, how powerful the campaigns were when combined. In the nineteenth century, the women’s main role was to be a house wife. Women were often stuck at home doing chores and taking care of the children. They were not allowed to vote, hold a title in public office, work, own property, or even get an education (Women s Rights. (n.d.), 2016). The women of the nineteenth century wanted to change those rules so they fought for equality. There were many women who were brave enough to stand up for their rights and publicly speak about their thoughts and civil liberties towards equality between men and women. InShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights Movement And Abolitionist Movements1397 Words   |  6 Pagesmultiple factors which linked the women’s rights movements and the abolitionist movements. Many women joined abolitionist movement as a way to enter public life and have the opportunity to talk about controversial topics. They faced criticism for addressing these controversial issues which prompted them to attempt gain freedom for women as well as those who were enslaved. They tried to use the abolitionist movement as a w ay to also gain equal rights for a women as there seemed to be a common idea sharedRead MoreWomen s Rights During The 19th Century1411 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Lloyd Garrison, an abolitionists and a reporter Association organized an association against slavery and encouraged the full participation of women. Garrison s idea is not supported by most of the abolitionists. Those abolitionists who did not want women to participate in established another abolitionist organization. Abolitionism, also known as abolition of slavery, is a political movement in order to abolishing the slave trade and slavery system. This movement began in the Age of EnlightenmentRead MoreFeminists, Abolitionists, and Democracy Essay736 Words   |  3 PagesFeminists, Abolitionists, and Democracy The framework of America’s government was forged in the spirit of democracy. 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They are the reforms of abolition, women’sRead MoreThe Abolitionist Movement and The Civil Rights Movement Essay615 Words   |  3 Pages Throughout the history of the United States there have been many reform movements that have molded the culture we live in today. The rights that we as Americans enjoy today can be credited to the people who fought for more rights and a better way of life. Two reform movements that have changed America for the better are the Abolitionist Movement and the Civil Rights Movement. Around the 1820’s the feeling of legal slavery was changing in the United States. The southRead MoreSummary Of Hobomok : A Tale Of Early Times1136 Words   |  5 PagesConvers, a Unitarian minister, helped to mentor and teach Lydia. Convers was extremely successful, teaching theology at Harvard and participating in the American Transcendentalist movement. In 1821, Lydia wrote the first chapter of her novel, Hobomok: A Tale of Early Times. Her first novel was set in Salem in the 1620’s but the taste of writing quickly caused Lydia to write The Juvenile Miscellany, which was a children’s periodical. Her first novel was received very well as well as her second novelRead MoreWomen s Rights By Margaret Brent1213 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s rights did not officially begin to be a problem until 1848. Many believe that it’s been a problem from at most the 1600’s. Colonial women didn’t give a thought about their rights, but there were some female political leaders. Margaret Brent, a woman who had been given po wer-of-attorney from Lord Baltimore. Judith Sargent Stevens Murray, the writer of the United States’ first feminist theory. â€Å"Will it be said that the judgment of a male of two years old is more sage than that of a female theRead MoreThe Fight For Women s Suffrage Movement1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fight For Women’s Suffrage The Women’s Suffrage Movement of the 1920’s worked to grant women the right to vote nationally, thereby allowing women more political equality. Due to many industrial and social changes during the early 19th century, many women were involved in social advocacy efforts, which eventually led them to advocate for their own right to vote and take part in government agencies. Women have been an integral part of society, working to help those in need, which then fueled aRead MoreReform Movements853 Words   |  4 PagesReform Movements During the 19th Century there were many reform movements that took place. Reform movements were movements that were organized to reform or change the certain way of things. 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Export Assistance and Incentives Free Essays

string(225) " Credit and Foreign Investment Reinsurance Scheme \(ECRS\), \? Duty Credit Certificate Scheme \(DCCS\), \?Motor Industry Development Program \(MIDP\), \?Sector Partnership Fund, \?Export Credit Incentives and Export Finance\." Export incentives Devices used by countries to encourage exports. These can include tax incentives for exporters, allowing them exemptions from the normal provisions of anti-monopoly legislation, preferential access to capital markets, priority Developing countries have started manufacturing industries only recently. As a result, their cost of production generally tends to be high because of the following reasons: ? Total market availability within the country is small with the result that the economies of large-scale production cannot be reaped. We will write a custom essay sample on Export Assistance and Incentives or any similar topic only for you Order Now Productivity of labor is low because the level of mechanization as compared to that in the developed countries is low. ?Manufacturing units in developing countries, being small and new, have considerably less expertise in the field of international marketing and because the volume of exports is low, the per unit cost of trade promotion expenditure tends to be high. India has to raise higher resources for development which has to be done through a number of indirect levies which tend to push up the overall cost of production. Most developing countries have, therefore, resorted to a number of export promotion measures. India has also been providing export assistance to Indian exporters. However, the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and countervailing duties does not allow specific types of export subsidies. The Government of India is, therefore, removing those export incentives which are not WTO compatible. NEW SYSTEM OF EXPORT ASSISTANCE: From 1992, export incentive system in India has been made simple. There are essentially three major incentives. These are: (1) Market-based Exchange Rate; (2) Fiscal Concessions, and (3) Facilities under the Export-Import Policy. These are discussed in detail below: MARKET BASED EXCHANGE RATE: For long, external value of the rupee was managed by the Reserve bank of India (RBI) by pegging the value of the rupee to a basket of currencies. RBI used to keep the value of the rupee at a level which was higher than the real value. In the post-Economic Reforms period, the Government of India decided to abolish all direct incentives to exports and promote exports through the exchange rate mechanism. Accordingly, the Liberalized Exchange Rate Management System (LERMS) was introduced. Under this system, there were two exchange rates: one official rate which was determined by the RBI as was the practice earlier; and second, a rate which was quoted by the banks based on the demand-supply position. Exporters had to surrender 40 per cent of their foreign exchange earnings to banks and could sell the residual 60 percent at the market rate which was normally expected to be more attractive than the official rate. Through this mechanism the Government hoped to achieve two objectives: First the difference between the market rate and the official rate would provide enough incentives to the exporters. Second, this would introduce a self-balancing mechanism for the balance of trade, because only that much imports could be made which could be financed through the market i. e. the resources available through the 60 percent account. One year’s experience revealed that rupee remained stable in the international market. This gave to the Government for full convertibility on the trade account. Accordingly, rupee was made fully convertible for export-import transactions in March 1993. This would provide more financial benefit to the exporters as under the LERMS, they had to surrender 40 per cent of their receivables at a discount which averaged about 15 per cent when LERMS was in operation. Since March 1993, the exchange rate of the rupees is fully determined by the demand supply conditions in the market. Under such a system, exporters will get benefit when rupee depreciates while importers will lose. When rupee appreciates, the balance of benefits will be just the reverse. TAX CONCESSIONS: a)In the computation of total income, Section 80-HHC allows a deduction of the whole of the profit derived from the export of goods or merchandise. The requirement of minimum tax contained in Section 115-J does not apply to exporting corporate assesses. This benefit is also available to supporting manufacturers exporting through Export/ Trading Houses provided that the amount of deductio n claimed is retained as a reserve for the purpose of the business of the assesse. However, the budget for the year 2000-2001 has reduced this exemption by 20 per cent every year to be phased out in five years. b)Exemption from taxation of the profits from overseas projects to the extent of 50 per cent. (c)Exemption from taxation of 50 per cent of royalty, commission, fees or any similar payment obtained from the exports of technical know-how and technical services. (d)A 10-year tax holiday for 100 per cent export-oriented units and for units located in Free Trade/Export Processing Zones. (e)Discounted rates of customs duty on imports of selected items of machinery for export production. ? EXPORT ASSISTANCE AND INCENTIVES AVAILABLE TO THE EXPORTS Export assistance and a variety of facilities and export incentives available to the Exporters are given in mindset and more aggressive approach is needed to develop technology. Export capabilities and to enhance such exports. These may include better Management of trade policies at international level, simplified procedures, better Incentives for high value-technology incentives exports etc. Export incentives can play an integral role in developing export capability and can encourage exports by providing financial assistance to exporting companies to enable them to compete effectively in international markets. For South African industries facing exchange rate fluctuations and constant threats of competitors in other developing markets, tools to enhance global access to key markets are imperative. In addition to benefits available under the African Growth and Opportunities Act (AGOA) (legislation passed in the United States of America), bilateral trade agreements such as the one between South Africa and the European Union, the General System of Preferences (GSPs), the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and the International Trade Administration Commission (ITAC) provide assistance ranging from marketing support to export credits. The primary export incentives currently in operation in South Africa include: ? Export marketing and investment assistance scheme (EMIA) ? Tariff Restructuring Program, ?Sector Assistance Scheme (SSAS), ?Rebate Provisions ?Export Credit and Foreign Investment Reinsurance Scheme (ECRS), ? Duty Credit Certificate Scheme (DCCS), ?Motor Industry Development Program (MIDP), ?Sector Partnership Fund, ?Export Credit Incentives and Export Finance. You read "Export Assistance and Incentives" in category "Papers" EXPORT MARKETING AND INVESTMENT ASSISTANCE SCHEME (EMIA) The purpose of the EMIA scheme is to partially compensate exporters for certain costs incurred in respect of activities aimed at developing export markets for South African products and to recruit new foreign direct investment into South Africa. Additional benefits are awarded to small, medium and micro-sized enterprises (SMMEs) and businesses owned by the previously disadvantaged. The financial assistance is in the form of reimbursement and is not a pre-paid benefit. TARIFF RESTRUCTURING PROGRAM: By virtue of South Africa’s World Trade Organization (WTO) membership, import tariff levels are also being reduced and the import tariff listings are being simplified by reducing the number of tariff headings. Export incentives relate only to the export of goods destined for recognized export markets, which in general means to countries outside the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). SECTOR ASSISTANCE SCHEME (SSAS) Financial assistance is available to industry sectors with the objectives of developing new export markets; broadening the export base; stimulating the participation of SMMEs in the export sector, promoting black economic empowerment (BEE) and women empowerment within the overall objective of job creation. REBATE PROVISIONS: Is aimed at the promotion of manufacturing and exportation of goods, and are available to certain manufacturing industries in respect of duties applicable to imported goods, raw materials and components used in manufacturing, processing and for export. EXPORT CREDIT AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT REINSURANCE SCHEME (ECRS) Provides exporters with insurance cover against political and transfer risks, as well as commercial and insolvency risks. A special dispensation exists for SMMEs. DUTY CREDIT CERTIFICATE SCHEME (DCCS) This scheme is designed as a temporary â€Å"kick-start† measure to enhance the export competitiveness of certain prescribed textile and clothing products by offering duty credit certificates to qualifying exporters. These duty credit certificates could be used to off-set customs duties payable on import of similar products. MOTOR INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (MIDP) Is available to motor vehicle assemblers and component manufacturers and exporters. The programme enables local vehicle and component manufacturers to increase production runs and encourages rationalization of the number of models manufactured by way of exports and complementing import of vehicles and components. EXPORT CREDIT INCENTIVE Financing at reduced rates by the Investment Development Corporation (IDC). An export credit incentive is available to selected expansion schemes expected to result in increased foreign exchange earnings. Financing of credit for exporters of capital goods is also available through the IDC or private-sector merchant banks at reduced rates. ? Credit facilities under the export finance scheme for capital projects: Credit facilities are available to exporters of capital projects under the Export Finance Scheme for Capital Projects to allow them to compete internationally by offering buyers competitive rates denominated in US Dollars. FACILITIES AND INCENTIVES TO INDIAN EXPORTERS Promotion of export has been a major thrust area of the Ministry of Commerce And Industry for the last three decades. Apart from this. Many other Central/State Ministries have also been involved in the promotion of India’s exports. Many Exports Promotion Councils, Public Sector Undertakings, Chambers of Commerce, Industries’ Associations and Services Organizations are also contributing towards the promotion of Indian exports. The facilities and incentives presently available to the Indian exporters include the Following. MARKETING DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (MDA) The Ministry of Commerce and Industry has a scheme of MDA, which was launched in 1963 with a view to stimulate and diversify the export trade, along with he development of marketing of Indian products and commodities abroad. The MDA is utilized for: Market research, commodity research, area survey and research; Participation in trade fairs and exhibitions; Export publicity and dissemination of information; Trade delegation and study teams; Establishment of offices and branches in abroad; Grant-in-aid to Export Promotion Councils a nd other approved organizations for the development of exports and the promotion of foreign trade; and any other scheme which is generally aimed at promoting the development of markets for Indian products and commodities abroad. MARKET ACCESS INITIATIVE (MAI) The Ministry of Commerce and Industry has introduced the MAI in April 2001 with the idea that the Government shall assist the industry in RD, market research, specific market and product studies, warehousing and retail marketing infrastructure in select countries and direct market promotion activities through media advertising and buyer-seller meets. Financial assistance shall be available under the scheme to EPCs, industry and trade associations and other eligible activities, as may be notified from time to time. A small allocation of Rs 42 corer has been made for 2002-03. ? CENTRAL ASSISTANCE TO STATES The State Governments shall be encouraged to fully participate in encouraging exports from their respective States. For this purpose, a new scheme â€Å"Assistance to States for Infrastructural Development for Exports† (ASIDE) has been initiated which would provide funds to the States based on the twin criteria or gross exports and the rate of growth of exports from different States. Eighty per cent of the total funds would be allotted to the States based on the above criteria and remaining 20 per cent will brutalized by the Centre for various infrastructure activities that cut across State boundaries, etc. A sum of Rs 49. 5 crore has already been sanctioned for 2001-02 and furthers a sum of Rs 330 crore has also been approved for 2002-03. The State shall utilize this amount for developing complementary and critical infrastructure. TOWNS OF EXPORT EXCELLENCE A number of towns in specific geographical locations have emerged as dynamic industrial locations and handsomely contributing to India’s exports. These industrial cluster-towns have been recognized with a view to maximizing their export profiles and help in upgrading them to move up the higher value markets. A beginning is being made to consider industrial cluster towns such as Tripura for Hosiery, Panipat for Woolen Blankets and Ludhiana for Woolen knitwear. Common service providers in these areas shall be entitled for EPCG Scheme, funds under the MAI scheme for creating focused technological services, priority assistance for identified critical infrastructural gaps from the Scheme on Central Assistance to States. Units in these notified areas would be eligible for availing all the Exim Policy Scheme. The Government of India has framed several schemes to promote exports and to obtain foreign exchange. These schemes grants incentive and other benefits. The few important export incentives, from the point of view of indirect taxes are briefed below: ? FREE TRADE ZONES (FTZ) Several FTZs have been established at various places in India like Kandla, Noida, Cochin, etc. No excise duties are payable on goods manufactured in these zones provided they are made for export purpose. Goods being brought in these zones from different parts of the country are brought without the payment of any excise duty. Moreover, no customs duties are payable on imported raw material and components used in the manufacture of such goods being exported. If entire production is not sold outside the country, the unit has the provision of selling 25% of their production in India. On such sale, the excise duty is payable at 50% of basic plus additional customs or normal excise duty payable if the goods were produced elsewhere in India, whichever is higher. ELECTRONIC HARDWARE TECHNOLOGY PARK / SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY PARKS This scheme is just like FTZ scheme, but it is restricted to units in the electronics and computer hardware and software sector. ADVANCE LICENCE / DUTY EXEMPTION ENTITLEMENT SCHEME (DEEC) In this scheme advance licence, either quantity based (Qbal) or value based (Vabal), is given to an exporter against which the raw materials and other components may be imported without payment of customs duty provided the manufactured goods are exported. These licence are transferable in the open market at a price. EXPORT PROMOTION CAPITAL GOODS SCHEME (EPCG) According to this scheme, a domestic manufacturer can import machinery and plant without paying customs duty or settling at a concessional rate of customs duty. But his undertakings should be as mentioned below: Customs Duty RateExport ObligationTimetime 10%4 times exports (on FOB basis) of CIF value of machinery5 years Nil in case CIF value is Rs200mn or more. 6 times exports (on FOB basis) of CIF value of machinery or 5 times exports on (NFE) basis of CIF value of machinery. 8 years Nil in case CIF value is Rs50mn or more for agriculture, aquaculture, animal husbandry, floriculture, horticulture, poultry and sericulture. 6 times exports (on FOB basis) of CIF value of machinery or 5 times exports on (NFE) basis of CIF value of machinery. years . Note:- NFE stands for net foreign earnings. CIF stands for cost plus insurance plus freight cost of the machinery. FOB stands for Free on Board i. e. export value excluding cost of freight and insurance. DEEMED EXPORTS The Indian suppliers are entitled for the following benefits in respect of deemed exports: ? Refund of excise duty paid on final products ?Duty drawback ?Imports under DEEC scheme ?Sp ecial import licenses based on value of deemed exports The following categories are treated as deemed exports for seller if the goods are manufactured in India: 1. Supply of goods against duty free licences under DEEC scheme 2. Supply of goods to a 100 % EOU or a unit in a free trade zone or a unit in a software technology park or a unit in a hardware technology park 3. Supply of goods to holders of licence under the EPCG scheme 4. Supply of goods to projects financed by multilateral or bilateral agencies or funds notified by the Finance Ministry under international competitive bidding or under limited tender systems in accordance with the procedures of those agencies or funds where legal agreements provide for ender evaluation without including customs duty 5. Supply of capital goods and spares upto 10% of the FOR value to fertilizer plants under international competitive bidding 6. Supply of goods to any project or purpose in respect of which the Ministry of Finance permits by notification the import of goods at zero customs duty along with benefits of deemed exports to domestic supplies 7. Supply of goods to power, oil and gas sectors in res pect of which the Ministry of Finance permits by notification benefits of deemed exports to domestic supplies MANUFACTURE UNDER BOND This scheme furnishes a bond with the manufacturer of adequate amount to undertake the export of his production. Against this the manufacturer is allowed to import goods without paying any customs duty, even if he obtain it from the domestic market without excise duty. The production is made under the supervision of customs or excise authority. DUTY DRAWBACK IT means the rebate of duty chargeable on imported material or excisable material used in the manufacturing of goods in and is exported. The exporter may claim drawback or refund of excise and customs duties being paid by his suppliers. The final exporter can claim the drawback on material used for the manufacture of export products. In case of re-import of goods the drawback can be claimed. The following are Drawbacks: ?Customs paid on imported inputs plus excise duty paid on indigenous imports. ?Duty paid on packing material. Drawback is not allowed on inputs obtained without payment of customs or excise duty. In part payment of customs and excise duty, rebate or refund can be claimed only on the paid part. In case of re-export of goods, it should be done within 2 years from the date of payment of duty when they were imported. 98% of the duty is allowable as drawback, only after inspection. If the goods imported are used before its re-export, the drawback will be allowed as at reduced per cent. ? NAME Yash patel COLLEGE NAME Kamala Mehta College of commerce ROLL NO. 156 PROJECT NAME Export assistance and incentives CLASS T. Y. BCOM (B) ? How to cite Export Assistance and Incentives, Papers

Bain Reflective Framework for Clinical Nursing - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBain Reflective Framework for Clinical Nursing. Answer: Reflective practice is essential in health and social care as it gives scopes to the Healthcare professionals to identify different positive and negative aspects from an experience. It thereby helps to apply strategies so that the negative aspects do not take place in future (Shrader et al., 2013). It can be defined as the procedure of making sense of different events, situations and actions and then learning from those situations so that mistakes made once are not repeated in next time when similar situations arise (van Veen-Berkx et al., 2015). It gives scope to nurses to develop their knowledge as well as skills and also help them to become more responsible in the future. In the present assignment, Bains 5 R Framework would be used as it acts as a systematic approach to the description of events and the different reflections and knowledge learn from it. The first step of the reflection Framework is called reporting. In this step a brief description of the situation of the issue is provided. While I was placed as a graduate registered nurse in XYZ Healthcare Centre, I experienced issues in multidisciplinary team work where I was assigned .in the very first month an old lady was admitted to the ward when she faced a stroke following which she had fell down on the floor. This had caused her several bruises and skin tear. She was obese with a basal metabolic rate above 30. She also faced serious issues with Arthritis which has affected her few years ago. After her treatments in the emergency ward she was shifted to the general ward as the doctor has prescribed of proper rehabilitation for a week before being discharged to rehabilitation centre. She was facing issues with her speech and was not able to swallow properly and the right side of the body was also not functioning well although paralyses had not taken place. While working in th e ward, a large number of issues were noticed by me. The first issue which I noticed was that there was no proper care coordinator who would be maintaining the leadership of the team and performing the evaluation of the work done by different experts in the team. As there was no proper coordinator in the team all the experts were working individually which affected the main goal of the team work (Reeves et al., 2013). Moreover I saw that also the communication between the different experts of the team was not cordial. They usually avoided each other and did not have proper communication skills which are very important for maintaining a strong bond among the team members. While some members are rude, some are escapist. There were many team members who did not follow their own work responsibly and always played a blame game whenever confronted. Inter disciplinary communication was completely absent. All the members conducted their own diagnosis and treatment and jotted down the inform ation in the documentation sheet. There were no proper meeting that were held between the team members and therefore the perceptions of the experts about the development of the health of the old patient could not be analysed. Moreover I also noticed intense tension and stress among the different experts as they were involved into power struggles with each other. As a result of this they were not ready to provide effective feedback and always blamed each other when any negative sequences arose. The second step is the responding stage where the feeling of the individual is discussed. The continuous blame game that I noticed in the working environment of the team made me quite stressed. I became quite apprehensive because I knew that even if I did my job perfectly I can be blamed by anyone in the team which affected me. I gradually started feeling low on the ward and my enthusiasm with which I started the first day, gradually began to decline. The work which I used to enjoy previously made me felt burdened and therefore I easily become burnt out. No one provided me with effective feedback. I was gradually losing my motivation and this affected the care it was provided to the patient from my end point. I started developing a feeling of apathy towards my work and did not feel like going to the team. Not only that many of the team members acted rudely with me there by showing the power of the position and were not ready to accept any kind of suggestions from me. All this affecte d myself respect and self image. Moreover no one was accountable for their work and therefore these created a stressful environment in the department. I was also not getting proper guidance from any of the senior members and often made mistakes. However I was seriously criticized whenever I made mistakes and this affected my zeal to continue work in the tensed work environment. However I realised from the entire situation that if all these activities continued in the ward, the health of the patient would ultimately be compromised and therefore I took a decision to report it to the senior authorities so that our ultimate goal of saving the life of the patient and giving her quality life can be achieved. The next step of the reflective Framework is called the relating step. In this case the personal or theoretical understanding of an individual to a particular situation needs to be discussed. From the various theories that we have studied in the university years, I came to understand that the main issue of the ineffective teamwork in the general ward are mainly lack of proper communication skill among the different experts. They were not properly communicating among themselves and were only jotting down information in the documentation sheet. This absence of face to face communication has not allowed them to engage in different formal and informal discussions and therefore they were not able to develop strong relationships and Bond among themselves (Muller-Juge et al., 2014). Absence of a friendly approach towards Each Other has been the main reason of tensions as well as blame game among the different members. Researchers are also of the opinion that power struggles often hamper the main motto of health care of providing effective care to patients and prevents proper collaborative approach. Most of the team members were affected by the power struggles and they felt that their expertise and dedication are not respected by the experts of the higher rank. Mainly a lack of feedback providing and receiving skills was responsible for this situation (Al-Sayah et al. 2014). The senior should have provided effective feedback by properly encouraging them whenever they performed in a better way. Moreover when they would have conducted any mistake, they should be provided with the correct strategies in place of severe criticism. Besides absence of communication skills and power struggle there was also lack of a sense of accountability among the different experts as they were not accountable for their own work. They try to put the Blame on others and tried to escape the entire situation. All these affected the main Team Spirit of the multidisciplinary skills. Moreover the absence of a proper leader or care coordinator at the main reason for which all the activities conducted by the experts were taking place in an undisciplined way and no evaluation was made about the Quality of work conducted by the experts (Bookey-Bassett et al. 2017). All these had created workload and stress on different Healthcare professionals for which they have lost their enthusiasm as well as motivation to perform better. They are also no scope of continuous professional development in the ward as no training sessions were conducted for the effective teamwork (Wade, 2014). Therefore, organisation was also to some extent responsible for contribution to the tensed situation in the workplace. The next step of the reflective Framework is called reasoning. This mainly describes the rationale behind providing the comments in the previous step of the reflective framework. Effective communication helps the members of a team to communicate effectively. It reduces the chance for misinterpretation and miscommunication. The message which is delivered by proper communication is effective and brings successful results (Sawyer et al., 2016). Moreover effective communication also helps in the development of proper relationship among the different members. Development of both a formal and informal relationship is very important for maintaining harmony in relationship and also in different team work (Komer et al., 2016). Effective communication also helps in development of an understanding of each others perspectives of Work and thereby helps people to respect each other in the team. I also believe that power struggles hampers the smooth workflow in the workplace and affects the self re spect of different individuals. This may result in development of negative feelings, anger and disappointment against other members of the team for which the ultimate goal might be affected. Therefore it is very much important for each and every team members to understand the disadvantages of the power used by them and thereby modify their Behaviour for the betterment of the team performance (West Lynbovinikova, 2013). The senior should use their experience to help the junior nurses 2 develop their skills and enhance their knowledge. They should also provide effective feedback to them so that they feel motivated and encouraged at workplace (Weller et al., 2014). On the other hand the juniors should also develop collaborating and accommodating styles of work where they should be receptive of the feedback of the senior and work accordingly to develop the skills (Schaik et al. 2014). I have gone through different journal articles where researchers have placed and importance of account ability in nursing and health care feels. They are of the opinion that being accountable of one's own work is very much essential for patient advocacy and continuity of care. They also help in lifelong learning and being accountable to colleague the patient as well as to nursing profession and organisations can in turn help the individuals to serve the main motto of social contribution (Thomson et al., 2015). This value should be developed by every professional from the core of the heart. These would help to prevent the development of an environment where blame game and cursing each other or providing negative feedback to each other can be prevented. This would automatically reduce stress and workload on nurses as well as make them feels respected and loved by the team members and the organisation (Salas Rosen, 2013). Moreover an effective leadership by the care coordinator is very important who would help in maintaining unity among the different team members, develop their communi cation skills, overcome any barriers faced by the team members while developing relationship among themselves and many others. They would also analyse the different situations and provide suggestions for the scopes of development for effective teamwork (Deneckers et al. 2013). The last step of the reflective cycle is called the reconstructing state. The reconstructing state mainly includes drawing conclusions from the above Steps and thereby developing a future Action Plan. The step mainly helps in proposing strategies which would help in overcoming the barriers of the situation. After the condition if the ward revealed by me to the senior authority about the present scenario going in the general ward of the rehabilitation department, the first strategy that was taken by them was assigning a proper care coordinator. He was to be the main leader of the entire multidisciplinary team. He was assigned with the duty of fixing proper meetings, assigning time slots for each of the expert so there that there are no clashes, evaluating the care provided by each of the expert and to see that no blame game arises in the future. Proper leadership would help in the development of an ethical teamwork (Weaver et al., 2014). In order to develop the communication skills of the different team members as well as of myself, I requested the senior authority to take important steps. For this they conducted communication workshops at the different healthcare professionals for about twice a week. This helps in the development of the communication skills (Rosen et al., 2014). I also arranged for meeting twice of week where all the members are requested to attend and describe about the case of the patient with transparency. This helps each other to know about the perception of the other members of the team about the health of the patient and thereby develop for the care plan for the patient (Valentino et al., 2015). I also arranged for meetings on the weekends where all members would come forward and express their views and feedback of each other. Both negative and positive feedbacks were expected from them in such a way so that the help in the development of skills of the other members. This usually helps in the development of relationship among the members and also helps to maintain a transparency in workplace. The senior authority also arranged for continuous professional development courses for the experts so that the virtues of accountability and the negative aspects of power struggles could be discussed effectively. Moreover the different strategies to maintain an effective teamwork would also be taught in the training classes (Casimiro et al., 2015). All the above mentioned strategies are believed by me would help in changing the present scenario of the situation With the help of the reflective Framework provided by Bain, the issues in the team work which I faced in the first month of my placement were properly accessed by me. Following this, I tried to relate them with the theory that I studied in my University years. Then I tried to reconstruct the situation by implementing proper Strategies and helping the authorities of the organisation to implement different courses which help in developing the condition of the rehabilitation ward. 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